Ideas for potential reviews may come from papers providing lists of key research questions to be answered, but also from serendipitous moments during desultory reading and discussions.
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Interesting to you (ideally, you should have come across a series of recent papers related to your line of work that call for a critical summary),Īn important aspect of the field (so that many readers will be interested in the review and there will be enough material to write it), andĪ well-defined issue (otherwise you could potentially include thousands of publications, which would make the review unhelpful). On the other hand, only a well-considered topic is likely to lead to a brilliant literature review. On the one hand, if you take several years to choose, several other people may have had the same idea in the meantime. How to choose which topic to review? There are so many issues in contemporary science that you could spend a lifetime of attending conferences and reading the literature just pondering what to review. Ideas and insights also come from discussions with coauthors and colleagues, as well as feedback from reviewers and editors. In this contribution, I share ten simple rules I learned working on about 25 literature reviews as a PhD and postdoctoral student. Reviewing the literature requires the ability to juggle multiple tasks, from finding and evaluating relevant material to synthesising information from various sources, from critical thinking to paraphrasing, evaluating, and citation skills.
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However, it is likely that most scientists have not thought in detail about how to approach and carry out a literature review. Some graduate schools are now offering courses in reviewing the literature, given that most research students start their project by producing an overview of what has already been done on their research issue. That is why researchers who have spent their career working on a certain research issue are in a perfect position to review that literature. When starting from scratch, reviewing the literature can require a titanic amount of work.
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For such summaries to be useful, however, they need to be compiled in a professional way. Although recognition for scientists mainly comes from primary research, timely literature reviews can lead to new synthetic insights and are often widely read. Thus, it is both advantageous and necessary to rely on regular summaries of the recent literature. Given such mountains of papers, scientists cannot be expected to examine in detail every single new paper relevant to their interests. For example, compared to 1991, in 2008 three, eight, and forty times more papers were indexed in Web of Science on malaria, obesity, and biodiversity, respectively. Their need stems from the ever-increasing output of scientific publications. Literature reviews are in great demand in most scientific fields.
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